They give the character. Same technique, same ingredient, a different trio of spices — and the dish moves to another cuisine entirely. Most of their aroma molecules are volatile.
Volatile ones go in last, sturdy ones first. Mint and basil after the heat; bay and cinnamon right at the start.
Coffee is not brewed with boiling water: at 100 °C the same solvent that lifts the aromatic oils lifts the bitter phenols too. The band is 92–96 °C, which is where boiling water lands after thirty seconds off the heat. Turkish coffee is not the exception but the opposite: it starts cold and is never boiled, and the foam builds around 70 °C.
How to keep it, and who it suits.
Whole beans keep two to four weeks in an airtight container with a one-way valve; ground, one week in the same container. The freezer preserves aroma but draws moisture every time it is opened, so freeze it in single portions.
The bean contains no gluten; check blended products for barley.
This ingredient carries no meaningful carbohydrate, so it has no glycaemic index. On its own it will not move blood sugar; what you eat alongside it decides that.
Same family
GarlicAllicin forms 60 s after cutting
Cu
CuminCuminaldehyde · fat soluble
Cf
Chilli flakesCapsaicin dissolves in fat, not water
Ci
CinnamonCinnamaldehyde 60–75%
Bp
Black pepperPiperine · aroma flees once ground
Mi
MintMenthol is volatile · add off the heat
Ba
BasilLinalool · blackens with heat, add last
Sa
SaffronCrocin is water soluble · 0.1 g is enough
Su
SumacpH 3.1 · dry acid that adds no water
By
Bay leafEugenol · only opens up with long cooking
Ks
Bulb onion89.1% water · 40 kcal
K5
Red onionAnthocyanin · less sulphur
Ts
Spring onion89.8% water · 32 kcal
My
Parsley87.7% water · 36 kcal
De
Dill86% water · 43 kcal
Lk
Lemon peel81.6% water · 47 kcal
Cr
Nigella seeds6% water · 387 kcal
Is
Urfa pepper?
Kek
Dried oregano9.9% water · 265 kcal
Me
Dried marjoram7.6% water · 271 kcal
Rt
Fennel seeds8.8% water · 345 kcal
At
Anise seeds9.5% water · 337 kcal
Yn
Allspice8.5% water · 263 kcal
K3
Cloves9.9% water · 274 kcal
Ze
Ground turmeric12.9% water · 312 kcal
Zn
Fresh ginger78.9% water · 80 kcal
Mh
Mahleb?
Da
Mastic resin?
Za
Za’atar (sesame blend)?
Kir
Sweet paprika11.2% water · 282 kcal
Ht
Ground mustard seed5.3% water · 508 kcal
Kis
Coriander seeds8.9% water · 298 kcal
Cv
Soapwort root?
Vc
Vanilla pod?
Kak
Cocoa powder (unsweetened)3% water · 228 kcal
Sy2
Soy sauce14% salt · 53 kcal
Cy
TeaLeaf · 1 kcal per 100 ml brewed