Heat unfolds them and they link to each other: they bind, they firm, they build crust. They are one half of the Maillard reaction; sugar is the other.
Every protein has its own threshold and none of them are reversible. Egg turns at 82 °C, meat at 70, fish at 55 — once past, there is no coming back.
The gelatine from the bones sets as it cools; if it does not set, it did not simmer long enough. A stock cube is not the same thing and most of them carry wheat.
How to keep it, and who it suits.
Three days in the fridge, three months frozen. The fat that sets on top is a seal: leave it there until you need the stock.
Stock drawn from bones, meat and vegetables at home contains no gluten. Shop-bought stock cubes often do, so the label matters.
This ingredient carries no meaningful carbohydrate, so it has no glycaemic index. On its own it will not move blood sugar; what you eat alongside it decides that.
Same family
EggWhite 62 °C · yolk 65 °C
Be
Red meatMedium 57 °C · collagen melts at 68 °C
Ch
ChickenSafe internal temperature 74 °C
Fi
FishSets at 50–55 °C · dries fast
Ln
LentilProtein 25% · breaks down in 20 min
Ck
ChickpeaProtein 19% · skin dissolves in alkaline water
Wc
White cheesepH 4.6 · 5–7% brine
Bar
Borlotti beans (dry)23% protein · 335 kcal
Kf
White beans (dry)23.4% protein · 333 kcal
Bo
Black-eyed peas (dry)23.5% protein · 336 kcal
Ym
Green lentils (dry)24.6% protein · 352 kcal
Kz
Lamb16.9% protein · 267 kcal
Kuz
Lamb foreshank18.9% protein · 201 kcal
Dk
Beef mince (15% fat)18.6% protein · 215 kcal
Tb
Chicken thigh (skin on)16.5% protein · 221 kcal
He
Turkey meat (skinless)22.6% protein · 115 kcal
Ds
Beef sucuk23.8% protein · 454 kcal
Ps
Pastırma cured beef28.6% protein · 252 kcal
Di
Beef tripe12.1% protein · 85 kcal
Kp
Lamb trotters?
Mm
Sheep intestine?
Ha
European anchovy20.4% protein · 131 kcal
Lv
European sea bass19.5% protein · 128 kcal
Cp
Gilthead sea bream19.1% protein · 130 kcal
Pl
Atlantic bonito20.2% protein · 216 kcal
Md
Mussels (raw meat)11.9% protein · 86 kcal
K4
Fava beans (dry)?